Progressive calendar
While promoting social democratic resources, we gradually came to the conclusion that as much content as possible is needed for the development of this cause. It is best if it is published daily. One way to provide a set of topics for social media posts is to create a calendar of historical events. On its own, this calendar will not solve the problem of content creation, but it will facilitate it. The calendar is incomplete and will be edited — write your additions and corrections in the comments.
Our calendar does not include religious and patriotic holidays, as the social democratic movement is secular and international. Only events that are important for all humanity are highlighted here. However, we could not avoid a bias towards Russian specifics here, since our journal is Russian and its editors are primarily familiar with the history of Russia. It would be best if social democrats from other countries joined in supplementing the calendar, but even now quite a lot is covered in it.
All dates are listed according to the Gregorian calendar. It is important to note that not all events in the calendar have a positive meaning — some of the dates are tragic, and some are neutral. Listed here are primarily those dates that can be discussed on a specific day, topics for content. We will try to gradually provide a brief overview of these events, but this will happen in stages and is unlikely to be completed in the near future. Many of the calendar dates carry the stamp of several events, so if we have several social democratic publications, there is an opportunity for them to write posts that do not overlap with each other. The events are not arranged in chronological order — but from those most requiring mention to those less requiring it (according to the subjective assessment of the author of the calendar, which may change).
Regarding certain individuals mentioned in the calendar, it is permissible to mention two dates — birth and death, but sometimes we make a choice in favor of one date (if there are already enough events on one of the two days). We have mentioned not only social democrats, but also those who contributed to democratization, the establishment of parliamentarism, and the implementation of progressive values. Write in the comments to this article how, from your point of view, the article can be supplemented.
January 1
New year.
Social Democratic Party of Austria created (1889).
Formation of the anti-Hitler coalition (1942).
Committee of Public Safety created (1793). Initially called the Committee of General Defence.
Public Domain Day.
January 2
Isaac Asimov born (1919). Science Fiction Day.
January 3
Clement Attlee born (1883).
Beginning of the Putilov Plant strike (1905).
Cicero born (106 BC).
J. R. R. Tolkien born (1892).
Signing of the START II treaty (1993).
Krasnoyarsk Republic suppressed (1906).
William Joyce executed (1946).
Greta Thunberg born (2003).
January 4
“Time” names Stalin Man of the Year (1943).
Saakashvili becomes President of Georgia (2004).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the types of political ideologies (2021).
January 5
Beginning of the Spartacist uprising (1919).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on ways to fight corruption (2021).
January 6
Eduard Bernstein born (1850).
Norman Kirk born (1923).
January 7
Overthrow of the Pol Pot regime (1979).
Terrorist attack on the Charlie Hebdo editorial office (2015).
January 8
US Democratic Party founded (1828).
Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points presented (1918).
The French vote in a referendum for the independence of Algeria (1961).
Beginning of the Islamic Revolution in Iran (1979).
January 9
Napoleon III died (1873).
January 10
Chernigov Regiment revolt began (1826).
Lawrence textile strike began (1912).
Opening of the first session of the UN General Assembly (1946).
Caesar crossed the Rubicon (49 BC).
January 11
Trial of the Watergate burglars began (1973).
Alexander Hamilton born (1757).
January 12
Jack London born (1876).
Mikhail Speransky born (1772).
Romania becomes the first Soviet bloc country to ban the Communist Party (1990).
Solomon Mikhoels murdered (1948).
January 13
Émile Zola writes the letter “J’Accuse…!” (1898).
End of the Pskov Republic (1510).
January 14
Osip Mandelstam born (1891).
January 15
Martin Luther King Jr. born (1929).
Alfred Liskow arrested (1942).
Popular Front formed in Spain (1936).
Wikipedia launched (2001).
January 16
Self-immolation of Jan Palach (1969).
Arrest of Johann Struensee (1772).
Beginning of Operation Desert Storm (1991).
Benjamin Franklin born (1706).
Octavian Augustus becomes emperor (27 BC).
January 17
Tabaré Vázquez born (1940).
Meeting of the Constituent Assembly in Russia took place (1918).
January 18
Anthony Giddens born (1938).
John Hume born (1937).
Charles Louis de Montesquieu born (1689).
January 19
Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly (1918).
Murder of Stanislav Markelov and Anastasia Baburova (2009).
Ferruccio Parri born (1890).
Execution of Flavius Hypatius (532).
January 20
Simon de Montfort summoned the first English Parliament (1265).
Entry of Soviet troops into Baku (1990).
First constitution of Turkey adopted (1921).
January 21
Vladimir Lenin died (1924).
Execution of Louis XVI (1793).
Execution of Yemelyan Pugachev (1775).
International Hug Day.
January 22
Bruno Kreisky born (1911).
Bloody Sunday (1905).
Lev Landau born (1908).
January 23
Israeli Labor Party (“Avoda”) created (1968).
Union of Utrecht signed (1579).
International Opium Convention signed (1912).
Beginning of the January uprising in Venezuela (1958).
Group self-immolation in Beijing (2001).
Arthur Lewis born (1915).
January 24
Ernst Wigforss born (1881).
International Day of Education.
Murder of Caligula (41).
January 25
Paul-Henri Spaak born (1899).
First parliamentary elections in Israel (1949).
GULAG disbanded (1960).
Members of the “Gang of Four” sentenced to death in China (1981).
Yekaterina Breshko-Breshkovskaya born (1844).
Mikhail Brusnev born (1864).
January 26
Leonid Parfyonov born (1960).
Douglas MacArthur born (1880).
Pyotr Alekseyev born (1849).
Karel Pavlík killed (1943).
January 27
International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
Outer Space Treaty signed (1967).
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin born (1826).
January 28
Data Privacy Day.
Spanish dictator Primo de Rivera resigns (1930).
Astrid Lindgren died (2002).
January 29
Romain Rolland born (1866).
Paul Barras died (1829).
January 30
Franklin D. Roosevelt born (1882).
Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor (1933).
Phil Collins born (1951).
January 31
Alva Myrdal born (1902).
Beginning of the West Siberian rebellion (1921).
Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution adopted, abolishing slavery in all states (1865).
First McDonald’s opens in the USSR (1990).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the city of the future (2022).
February 1
Signing of the Camp Declaration and end of the Cold War (1992).
Lisbon Regicide (1908).
Mass collectivization began in the USSR (1930).
February 2
Daniil Kharms died (1942).
Victory in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).
Groundhog Day.
James Joyce born (1882).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the harms of racism (2020).
February 3
Law on the 35-hour workweek passed in France (1998).
Beginning of the tulip mania stock panic in the Netherlands (1637).
Fifteenth Amendment to the US Constitution adopted (1870).
Ivan the Terrible establishes the Oprichnina (1565).
Mengistu comes to power in Ethiopia (1977).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the rule of law (2021).
February 4
Friedrich Ebert born (1871).
World Cancer Day.
300,000-strong demonstration held in Moscow for the repeal of Article 6 of the Constitution (on the “leading role of the CPSU”) (1990).
National Convention issues the Decree abolishing slavery, which abolishes slavery in France and its colonies (1794).
Rosa Parks born (1913).
Arson of the embassies of Denmark and Norway due to the cartoon controversy (2006).
Rolls-Royce nationalized as a result of bankruptcy (1971).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on global issues (2021).
February 5
Broad Front created in Uruguay (1971).
Vera Zasulich’s assassination attempt on Fyodor Trepov (1878).
Massacre of civilians in Grozny (2000).
February 6
International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation.
Decree “On the introduction of the Western European calendar in the Russian Republic” adopted (1918).
Tarja Halonen becomes the first female President of Finland (2000).
6 February 1934 crisis in France.
Pyotr Lavrov died (1900).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on political systems and regimes (2021).
February 7
Mud March in the UK (1907).
Thomas More born (1478).
Pyotr Struve born (1870).
February 8
Mikhail Voslensky died (1997).
Congress of Vienna bans the slave trade (1815).
Sandford Fleming first proposed the idea of introducing worldwide time (1879).
Escape of Devyataev’s group (1945).
February 9
Labour Party of the Netherlands created (1946).
Execution of Charles I Stuart (1649).
International Dentist Day.
February 10
Alexandre Millerand born (1859).
Brazilian Workers’ Party founded (1980).
Largest trial of the Sicilian Mafia, the so-called Maxi Trial, opened (1986).
Michael Norman Manley returns to the post of Prime Minister of Jamaica (1989).
US launched Operation Provide Hope (1992).
World Pulses Day.
February 11
World Day of the Sick.
International Day of Women and Girls in Science.
Lydia Maria Child born (1802).
Proclamation of the First Spanish Republic (1873).
Meiji Constitution adopted in Japan (1889).
Appearance of gerrymandering. Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry, through manipulations over district boundaries, achieved the victory of his party in the Senate elections in the state (1812).
Seabed Arms Control Treaty signed (1971).
February 12
Red Hand Day.
Ehud Barak born (1942).
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People founded (1909).
Darwin Day. Charles Darwin born (1809).
Beginning of the Four Pests campaign in China (1958).
Abdication of Puyi from the throne (1912).
February 13
Election of Philipp Scheidemann as Chancellor (1919).
Anker Jørgensen returned to the post of Prime Minister of Denmark (1975).
Arrest of Brodsky (1964).
Solzhenitsyn deprived of citizenship and expelled from the USSR (1974).
World Radio Day.
February 14
Beginning of the Canut revolt in Lyon (1834).
20th Congress of the CPSU opened (1956).
Letter of the Twenty-Five written (1966).
Treaty of Tlatelolco signed (1967).
Ayatollah Khomeini issues a fatwa for the physical liquidation of Salman Rushdie (1989).
February 15
Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan completed (1989).
Yelena Bonner born (1923).
Susan B. Anthony born (1820).
February 16
Alexei Navalny killed (2024).
Ernst Haeckel born (1834).
Lev Sedov died (1938).
February 17
International Committee of the Red Cross founded (1863).
Battle of Hemmingstedt (1500).
Invasion of Communist Vietnam by Communist China (1979).
Pyotr Schmidt born (1867).
Burning of Giordano Bruno (1600).
Beginning of broadcasting of the “Voice of America” to the USSR (1947).
February 18
Ordzhonikidze shot himself (1937).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on nationalization and the state sector (2022).
February 19
Ornithologist Day.
Lev Rubinstein born (1947).
February 20
World Day of Social Justice.
Gordon Brown born (1951).
Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes in Ukraine. Beginning of the shooting of the Euromaidan.
February 21
Emergence of the secret society “Union of Salvation” (1816).
Marx and Engels publish “The Communist Manifesto” (1848).
John Rawls born (1921).
Pyotr Grigorenko died (1987).
Beginning of the Battle of Verdun (1916).
February 22
French Revolution of 1848 began.
August Bebel born (1840).
Edward Kennedy born (1932).
George Washington born (1732).
George Kennan writes the “Long Telegram” (known as the X Article) to James Byrnes, in which he formulated a policy of containment regarding the USSR (1946).
Beginning of the People Power Revolution in the Philippines (1986).
Yanukovych declared to have withdrawn from constitutional powers (2014).
Stefan Zweig committed suicide (1942).
February 23
International Organization for Standardization founded (1947).
Popular Front wins elections in Spain (1936).
Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko born (1920).
Boris Vildé shot (1942).
February 24
Far-right military coup in Spain suppressed (1981).
First public peaceful action of Jewish “refuseniks” demanding departure from the USSR (1971).
Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022).
Lydia Becker born (1827).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on what patriotism is (2020).
February 25
Khrushchev delivers a report on the cult of personality at the 20th Congress (1956).
Néstor Kirchner born (1950).
French Second Republic proclaimed (1848).
Soviet Occupation Day in Georgia.
February 26
Liberation Day of Kuwait.
Helen Clark born (1950).
Day of Crimean Resistance to Russian Occupation.
Adolf Hitler sentenced to 5 years for the Beer Hall Putsch (1924).
February 27
UK Labour Party founded (1900).
Ralph Nader born (1934).
World NGO Day.
Reichstag fire (1933).
Nemtsov killed (2015).
Caracazo began (1989).
February 28
Olof Palme shot dead (1986).
Victor L. Berger born (1860).
February 29
James B. Donovan born (1916).
Morarji Desai born (1896).
“Logika Progressa” publishes the article “Populism or principles?” (2020).
March 1
Zero Discrimination Day.
Beginning of the Kronstadt rebellion (1921).
World Civil Defence Day.
Cursed Soldiers National Remembrance Day in Poland.
March 1st Movement created in Korea (1919).
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty began broadcasting (1953).
Peace Corps established (1961).
March 2
Camille Desmoulins born (1760).
Sergei Kovalev born (1930).
Mikhail Gorbachev born (1931).
1962 Burmese coup d’état.
March 3
World Wildlife Day.
Ion Iliescu born (1930).
Tomiichi Murayama born (1924).
Abolition of serfdom in Russia. Emancipation reform (1861).
Woman Suffrage Procession took place (1913).
Jacek Kuroń born (1934).
Vasili Mitrokhin born (1922).
March 4
US Constitution came into force (1789).
Comintern founded (1919).
Mihály Károlyi born (1875).
March 5
Felipe González born (1942).
Sutan Sjahrir born (1909).
Stalin died (1953).
Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech (1946).
Katyn massacre (1940).
Pierre Beaumarchais’s “Memoirs” burned by the royal executioner (1774).
March 6
Obafemi Awolowo born (1909).
UK miners’ strike of 1984–1985 began.
First scientific journal in the world, “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society”, published in London (1665).
Svetlana Alliluyeva requested political asylum at the US Embassy in India (1967).
Afonso Augusto da Costa born (1871).
March 7
Sunday declared a day of rest (321).
Jacques Chaban-Delmas born (1915).
March 8
International Women’s Day. Established by decision of the Socialist International in 1910.
Beginning of the February Revolution (1917).
Reagan called the USSR an “evil empire” (1983).
Ovechkin family hijacks an airliner (1988).
March 9
Honoré Mirabeau born (1749).
Yugoslavia publishes the White Book (1951).
William Cobbett born (1763).
Stampede at Stalin’s funeral (1953).
Artyom Borovik died (2000).
March 10
Sokolniki stampede (1975).
Astrakhan worker uprising of 1919 began.
Yevgeny Zamyatin died (1937).
Ban on slavery in China (1910).
March 11
Harold Wilson born (1916).
Agatha Barbara born (1923).
Milošević died (2006).
Michelle Bachelet becomes the first female President of Chile (2014).
March 12
Beginning of the Salt March in India (1930).
Truman Doctrine published (1947).
Third Extraordinary Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR opened, removing mention of the leading role of the CPSU from the USSR Constitution (1990).
William Lyon Mackenzie born (1795).
March 13
RSDLP created, beginning of the 1st Congress (1898).
Assassination of Alexander II (1881).
KGB founded (1954).
Andropov sends a letter proposing to destroy the remains of Hitler and Goebbels (1970).
Nina Andreyeva’s letter published (1988).
March 14
Gabriel Bonnot de Mably born (1709).
Karl Marx died (1883).
“Day of Wrath” began to be held in Russia (2009).
March 15
World Consumer Rights Day. Kennedy introduces the Consumer Bill of Rights.
Caesar assassinated (44 BC).
Bukharin, Rykov, Krestinsky shot (1938).
Soghomon Tehlirian assassinates Mehmed Talaat Pasha (1921).
Beginning of the Hungarian Revolution (1848).
Nicholas II abdicates the throne (1917).
March 16
Jens Stoltenberg born (1959).
Declaration of the Provisional Government on its composition and tasks proclaimed (1917).
Nikolai Kondratiev born (1892).
World’s first female parliamentarians elected to the Parliament of the Grand Duchy of Finland (1907).
Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament of England (1660).
James Madison born (1751).
Richard Stallman born (1953).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the lustration of the nomenklatura (2020).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the foreign policy of social democrats (2021).
March 17
Paul Ramadier born (1888).
Bayard Rustin born (1912).
Golda Meir elected Prime Minister of Israel (1969).
Central Rada formed under the chairmanship of Hrushevsky (1917).
Józef Franczak born (1918).
March 18
Paris Commune created (1871).
Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars on closing “bourgeois” newspapers and bringing their editors to trial issued (1918).
Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee allowing the Cheka to imprison people whose guilt has not been proven by investigation in camps (1920).
William Randal Cremer born (1828).
Etō Shinpei born (1834).
Astolphe de Custine born (1790).
March 19
Memorandum of Sakharov, Turchin, and Medvedev (1970).
Patent law adopted in Venice (1474).
State farm worker Mitrofan Nikitin opens fire on Lenin’s coffin (1934).
First session of the European Parliament opens (1958).
Minna Canth born (1844).
Peter Henry Abrahams born (1919).
Pyotr Schmidt shot (1906).
Adoption of the Constitution of Cádiz (1812).
March 20
International Day of Happiness.
Alfonso García Robles born (1911).
March 21
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
International Day of Forests.
NEP proclaimed by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1921).
Napoleonic Code adopted in France (1804).
Léo Taxil born (1854).
Ayrton Senna born (1960).
March 22
World’s first working-class party — the Victorian Political Labour League — created in Melbourne (1859).
World Water Day.
Dmitri Volkogonov born (1928).
US Congress banned polygamy (1882).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on why the rotation of power is needed (2020).
March 23
Michael Joseph Savage born (1872).
Viktor Korchnoi born (1931).
March 24
Jacques-René Hébert executed (1794).
Hitler issues the Enabling Act, civil liberties abolished (1933).
March 25
International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Beginning of the Defense of Kozelsk (1238).
March 26
Social Democratic Party of the UK founded (1981).
Richard Dawkins born (1941).
Zlatoust massacre (1903).
Nicholas I issues the “Counter-Revolutionary Manifesto” (1848).
Biological Weapons Convention came into force (1975).
March 27
Trade union “Solidarity” holds an All-Poland warning strike (1981).
Death of Gagarin and Seryogin (1968).
March 28
Three Mile Island accident (1979).
Zbigniew Brzezinski born (1928).
Nicolas de Condorcet died (1794).
March 29
Last American soldier left South Vietnam (1973).
Grigory Gershuni died (1908).
March 30
National Assembly of France introduced the definition of the metre (1791).
Portland court ordered Philip Morris to pay 81 million to a smoker’s family (1992).
Capture of Paris, end of the Napoleonic Wars (1814).
End of the Crimean War (1856).
March 31
Cesar Estrada Chavez born (1927).
International Transgender Day of Visibility.
Albert Gore born (1948).
World Backup Day.
Eleanor Aveling committed suicide (1898).
April 1
Detlev Rohwedder assassinated (1991).
First same-sex marriages in the world performed in the Netherlands (2001).
Euthanasia legalized for the first time in the world in the Netherlands (2002).
Yevgeny Yevtushenko died (2017).
Wangari Maathai born (1940).
Nixon bans tobacco advertising (1970).
April 2
Provisional Government abolishes national and religious restrictions. Pale of Settlement abolished (1917).
Émile Zola born (1840).
Nicholas Murray Butler born (1862).
April 3
Bulgarian Socialist Party founded (1990).
Truman approves the Marshall Plan (1948).
Execution of Khalturin (1882).
Vladimir Petrov defected to Australia (1954).
Panama Papers published (2016).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2022).
April 4
North Atlantic Treaty signed, NATO created (1949).
Martin Luther King assassinated (1968).
International Internet Day.
Kronid Lyubarsky born (1934).
Resolution of the Council of Ministers on jamming “anti-Soviet” stations (1949).
International Civil Aviation Organization founded (1947).
April 5
“Pravda” newspaper publishes the article “The principles of perestroika” as a response to Nina Andreyeva’s article “I cannot waive my principles” (1988).
Desmoulins and Danton executed (1794).
Booker Taliaferro Washington born (1856).
Arkady Shevchenko requests political asylum in the US (1978).
Rómulo Gallegos died (1969).
April 6
International Day of Sport for Development and Peace.
Socialist Party of Belgium and Socialist Party of Flanders founded (1978).
Alexander Herzen born (1812).
Arrest of the “young socialists” in the USSR (1982).
Fascists win the elections in Italy (1924).
April 7
World Health Day. Ratification of the WHO constitution (1948).
International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Beginning of the Rwandan genocide (1994).
Czech Social Democratic Party founded (1878).
Charles Fourier born (1772).
Pierre Leroux born (1797).
Flora Tristan born (1803).
Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR on corrective labor camps adopted (1930).
Introduction of criminal liability from the age of 12 in the USSR (1935).
April 8
Achille Van Acker born (1898).
Otto and Elise Hampel executed (1943).
John Richard Hicks born (1904).
Anglo-French agreement known as the Entente Cordiale signed (1904).
Savonarola arrested (1498).
Vasily Davydov born (1780).
April 9
Léon Blum born (1872).
Nikolay Chkheidze born (1864).
Policy document “The Czechoslovak Road to Socialism” published (1968).
Lev Kopelev born (1912).
Vatican’s Index of Forbidden Books abolished (1966).
Jorge Gaitán assassinated (1948).
Ukraine bans Nazi and Communist symbols (2015).
April 10
International Resistance Movement Day.
Grigory Yavlinsky born (1952).
Hugo Grotius born (1583).
William Booth born (1829).
Signing of the Biological Weapons Convention (1972).
April 11
International Day of the Liberation of National Socialist Concentration Camps. Liberation of Buchenwald concentration camp (1945).
Ferdinand Lassalle born (1825).
Overthrow of Idi Amin (1979).
“Komsomolskaya Pravda” publishes the article “Ragout made of the bluebird” (1982).
April 12
International Day of Human Space Flight. Gagarin’s flight (1961).
Aleksandr Ulyanov born (1866).
April 13
George Jacob Holyoake born (1817).
Thomas Jefferson born (1743).
Etō Shinpei executed (1874).
Short Parliament assembled in England (1640).
Edict of Nantes signed (1598).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on internationalism and Anationalism (2020).
April 14
Overthrow of the monarchy and proclamation of the republic in Spain (1931).
Abraham Lincoln mortally wounded (1865).
Denis Fonvizin born (1745).
April 15
World Art Day. Roerich Pact signed (1935).
Execution of Narodnaya Volya members (1881).
Émile Durkheim born (1858).
Boris Strugatsky born (1933).
Emma Watson born (1990).
April 16
First trade union in Russia created — Printers’ Union (1905).
Charlie Chaplin born (1889).
Lenin’s arrival from exile at the Finlyandsky railway station (1917).
Anatole France born (1844).
April 17
Lena massacre (1912).
Yushenkov assassinated (2003).
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961).
Ford Mustang introduced (1964).
Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh (1975).
April 18
Agitprop of the Central Committee of the CPSU issues the “Plan of measures for propaganda among the population of the ideas of Soviet patriotism” (1947).
International Day for Monuments and Sites.
“Paul Revere’s Ride” (1775).
International Court of Justice in The Hague held its first public sitting (1946).
World Amateur Radio Day.
April 19
Socialist Party of Chile founded (1933).
Socialist Party of Portugal founded (1973).
Eliot Ness born (1903).
Beginning of the anti-Nazi Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943).
April Revolution in Korea (1960).
April 20
Gro Harlem Brundtland born (1939).
National Assembly declares war on Austria, beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792).
Columbine High School massacre (1999).
Publication of Ivan Sechenov’s book “Reflexes of the Brain” suspended “for promoting materialism” (1866).
April 21
Eight-hour day march by stonemasons and building workers in Melbourne (1856).
Fredrik Bajer born (1837).
Boris Pilnyak shot (1938).
Max Weber born (1864).
Founding of Rome (753 BC).
Regime of the Black Colonels established in Greece (1967).
April 22
International Mother Earth Day.
Aneurin Bevan, Harold Wilson, John Freeman, and several other Labour members resign in protest against increased defense spending (1951).
Henri La Fontaine born (1854).
Rita Levi-Montalcini born (1909).
Lenin born (1870).
April 23
SAP founded (1889).
4th Congress of the RSDLP in Stockholm (1906).
April Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, at which the course towards Perestroika was proclaimed (1985).
April 24
Josep Borrell born (1947).
William the Silent born (1533).
Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.
International Youth Solidarity Day.
Opening of the Hague Peace Conference of 1899.
Library of Congress founded (1800).
Baader-Meinhof terrorist group carries out a bombing at the West German embassy (1975).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on freedom of the press (2021).
April 25
Victory of the Carnation Revolution (1974).
Edward R. Murrow born (1908).
Luis Guillermo Solís born (1958).
Elbe Day (1945).
April 26
Chernobyl disaster (1986).
Birthday of La Marseillaise (1792).
Bombing of Guernica (1937).
April 27
Owen establishes New Harmony (1825).
Right of inheritance abolished in the USSR (1918).
Mary Wollstonecraft born (1759).
April 28
World Day for Safety and Health at Work.
Oskar Schindler born (1908).
Mussolini executed (1945).
Universal Esperanto Association founded (1908).
Harper Lee born (1926).
Resignation of De Gaulle (1969).
Tobias Asser born (1838).
April 29
Liberation of Dachau concentration camp (1945). Dachau massacre.
David Belle born (1973).
International Dance Day.
April 30
Death of Hitler (1945).
António Guterres born (1949).
First issue of “Chronicle of Current Events” published (1968).
Jaroslav Hašek born (1883).
Lautaro, Mapuche leader, died (1557).
May 1
International Workers’ Day.
Beginning of the May 1968 events in France.
Social Democratic Party of Lithuania created (1896).
Sormovo demonstration (1902).
Opening of the Great Exhibition in London (1851).
Ignazio Silone born (1900).
Goebbels commits suicide by poison (1945).
Viktor Astafyev born (1924).
May 2
PSOE founded (1879).
End of World War II in Italy (1945).
Bin Laden killed (2011).
May 3
World Press Freedom Day.
Golda Meir born (1898).
New Constitution comes into effect in Japan (1947).
Windhoek Declaration signed (1991).
United Kingdom stops manufacturing tanks (2009).
May 4
Socialist Party of France founded (1969).
Alexander Kerensky born (1881).
Haymarket affair (1886).
1926 United Kingdom general strike began.
Thomas Huxley born (1825).
Star Wars Day.
May 5
European Day of Independent Living.
Icelandic party “Social Democratic Alliance” created (2000).
Karl Marx born (1818).
Sergei Stanishev born (1966).
Beginning of the Prague uprising (1945).
Nellie Bly born (1864).
Oliver Cromwell born (1599).
Louis XVI summons the Estates-General (1789).
Napoleon Bonaparte died (1821).
Karl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach presented the first German Constitution (1816).
Statute of the Council of Europe signed (1949).
First issue of “Pravda” published (1912).
May 6
Tony Blair born (1953).
Maximilien Robespierre born (1758).
“March of Millions” in Russia (2012).
Popular Front in Chile founded (1936).
May 7
Thomas Piketty born (1971).
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville executed (1795).
Boris Savinkov committed suicide (1925).
Resignation of Willy Brandt (1974).
May 8
First of two Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation days. German Instrument of Surrender signed (1945).
Australian Labor Party founded (1901).
People’s Charter published in England (1838).
Harry S. Truman born (1884).
First portion of Coca-Cola sold (1886).
Lavoisier executed (1794).
Nikolay Novikov born (1744).
Henri Dunant born (1828).
May 9
Second of two Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation days.
Europe Day.
Shooting of Izhorsky Factory workers (1918).
Aldo Moro assassinated (1978).
Sophie Scholl born (1921).
Montejurra incident (1976).
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi born (1773).
May 10
Einar Gerhardsen born (1897).
Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle born (1760).
First session of the State Duma of the Russian Empire opened (1906).
Daniel Bell born (1919).
May 11
Eichmann captured in Buenos Aires (1960).
Richard Feynman born (1918).
May 12
Moscow Helsinki Group created (1976).
George Carlin born (1937).
Alexander Esenin-Volpin born (1924).
Andrei Amalrik born (1938).
Florence Nightingale born (1820).
May 13
General strike in Greece (1936).
Abolition of slavery in Brazil (1888).
May 14
Robert Owen born (1771).
Israeli Declaration of Independence (1948).
Self-immolation of Romas Kalanta (1972).
Magnus Hirschfeld born (1868).
Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict adopted (1954).
May 15
International Conscientious Objectors’ Day.
International Climate Day.
International Day of Families.
Breakup of Standard Oil (1911).
Ulrich Beck born (1944).
Paul Samuelson born (1915).
End of the German Peasants’ War (1525).
Comintern dissolved (1943).
Katherine Anne Porter born (1890).
Ivan Pushchin born (1798).
May 16
International Day of Living Together in Peace.
Kengir uprising of political prisoners began (1954).
Helmut Schmidt elected Federal Chancellor (1974).
Establishment of the Imperial Philanthropic Society (1802).
Yuri Shevchuk born (1957).
May 17
International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia. WHO declassified homosexuality as a mental illness (1990).
Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion and Russian Civil War begin (1918).
Galina Starovoitova born (1946).
Formation of the government led by Negrín in Spain (1937).
US Supreme Court declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional (1954).
Valeriya Novodvorskaya born (1950).
Napoleon deprives the Pope of temporal power and territories (1809).
Ehud Barak became Prime Minister (1999).
Vladimir Mukusev born (1951).
May 18
International Museum Day.
Bertrand Russell born (1872).
Giovanni Falcone born (1939).
Gwangju Uprising began (1980).
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars began (1944).
Túpac Amaru II executed (1781).
May 19
Boris Orlov born (1930).
Malcolm X born (1925).
Battle of Matewan (1920).
Nikolai Volsky-Valentinov born (1879).
Nicholas Winton born (1909).
Dulebov assassinates Bogdanovich (1903).
Rosariazo (1969).
England declared a Commonwealth (1649).
May 20
Metre Convention signed (1875).
Obukhov defense (1901).
Uprising of 1 Prairial Year III began (1795).
Stanislav Markelov born (1974).
Moshe Dayan born (1915).
Aleksandr Ulyanov executed (1887).
Nadine Gordimer born (1923).
Frédéric Passy born (1822).
Jeans Day.
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on deconservatization (2021).
May 21
Andrei Sakharov born (1921).
José Batlle y Ordóñez born (1856).
Lázaro Cárdenas born (1895).
Grigory Sokolnikov murdered (1939).
International Tea Day.
Léon Bourgeois born (1851).
Igor Kon born (1928).
Elizabeth Fry born (1780).
May 22
Giacomo Matteotti born (1885).
Betty Williams born (1943).
Mussolini bans beauty pageants (1926).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on direct and representative democracy (2020).
May 23
Lassalle organizes the General German Workers’ Association (1863). This date is also considered the founding date of the SPD.
Paul Nizan died (1940).
Ivan Kalyayev executed (1905).
Margaret Fuller born (1810).
Himmler commits suicide by poison (1945).
USSR stopped jamming Voice of America and BBC (1987).
May 24
Battle of Las Stocki (1945).
Jean-Paul Marat born (1743).
First Eurovision Song Contest took place (1956).
May 25
Africa Day.
George Floyd died (2020). Mass anti-racism protests in the US began the next day
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia established (1993).
Petliura assassinated (1926).
May 26
Norilsk uprising began (1953).
End of the American Civil War (1865).
Habeas Corpus Act passed (1679).
May 27
Speech by Yuri Afanasyev in which he used the phrase “aggressively obedient majority” (1989).
Operation Anthropoid (1942).
Proportional representation used for the first time in parliamentary elections in Belgium (1899).
Wilson called for the creation of the League of Nations (1916).
Thomas Müntzer died (1525).
John Calvin died (1564).
May 28
Beginnings of Amnesty International (1961).
Bülent Ecevit born (1925).
Labour Party of Ireland created (1912).
Mathias Rust landed his plane in Red Square (1987).
May 29
John F. Kennedy born (1917).
Slovenian party “Social Democrats” created (1993).
International Day of UN Peacekeepers.
Fall of Constantinople (1453).
Cordobazo (1969).
May 30
Wat Tyler’s Rebellion began (1381).
Mikhail Bakunin born (1814).
Khodynka Tragedy (1896).
May 31
World Inequality Day.
Svetlana Alexievich born (1948).
Civil execution of Chernyshevsky (1864).
Georgiy Burkov born (1933).
Georg Herwegh born (1817).
Walt Whitman born (1819).
Maurice Allais born (1911).
June 1
Global Day of Parents.
International Children’s Day.
Eichmann hanged (1962).
June 2
Novocherkassk massacre (1962).
Festa della Repubblica in Italy.
Democratic International established (1985).
Killing of Benno Ohnesorg (1967).
Sack of Rome by the Vandals began (455).
June 3
Beginning of the “On-to-Ottawa Trek” (1935).
Khartoum massacre (2019).
World Bicycle Day.
June 4
International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression.
Suppression of the student demonstration in Tiananmen Square (1989).
Alexei Navalny born (1976).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on private property (2020).
June 5
World Environment Day.
John Maynard Keynes born (1883).
Federico García Lorca born (1898).
Denmark declared a constitutional monarchy (1849).
June 6
Robert F. Kennedy died (1968).
Thomas Mann born (1875).
Alexander Pushkin born (1799).
June 7
World Food Safety Day.
Inter-regional Deputies’ Group created (1989).
Alan Turing died (1954).
Pyotr Chaadayev born (1794).
Imre Nagy born (1896).
Petition of Right ratified (1628).
Socialist Revolutionary Party split into Right and Left factions (1917).
Assassination of Voykov (1927).
Operation Opera (1981).
Victory in the Battle of Midway (1942).
June 8
World Oceans Day.
Beginning of the Trial of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries in Moscow (1922).
Novel “Nineteen Eighty-Four” published (1949).
Cult of the Supreme Being festival held in Paris (1794).
Mercader receives the Hero star (1960).
June 9
International Archives Day.
International Accreditation Day.
Athenian coup of 411 BC.
Bertha von Suttner born (1843).
June 10
Giacomo Matteotti assassinated (1924).
Vercors died (1991).
Diogenes of Sinope died (323 BC).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on why some countries are rich and others are poor (2020).
June 11
Polish party New Left created (2021).
Vissarion Belinsky born (1811).
Hundred Days’ Reform began in China (1898).
June 12
World Day Against Child Labour.
Tukhachevsky, Yakir, Uborevich, Kork shot (1937).
Anne Frank born (1929).
Censorship abolished in the USSR (1990).
June 13
Tage Erlander born (1901).
Socialist Party of Albania created (1991).
Photograph of August Landmesser taken (1936).
England and Portugal sign the Treaty of Windsor — the longest alliance in history (1386).
June 14
Pyotr Lavrov born (1823).
Schengen Agreement signed (1985).
World Blood Donor Day.
Olaf Scholz born (1958).
Thatcher announced the abolition of free milk for schoolchildren (1971).
Harriet Beecher Stowe born (1811).
Che Guevara born (1928).
Haitian constitutional referendum (1964).
June 15
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen born (1943).
Magna Carta signed (1215).
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day.
Herbert A. Simon born (1916).
Leningrad hijacking incident (1970).
Vera Figner died (1942).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the labor theory of value (2023).
June 16
Day of the African Child.
Stepan Razin executed (1671).
Imre Nagy executed (1958).
Suicide of Joseph Meister (1940).
June 17
Deputies of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly (1789).
East German uprising of 1953.
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.
Geneva Protocol signed (1925).
Economist Thomas Mun born (1571).
Max Pokrovsky born (1968).
June 18
Varlam Shalamov born (1907).
Pavel Stroganov born (1774).
Battle of Waterloo (1815).
“Circular on Cook’s Children” issued (1887).
Markovo Republic ceased to exist (1906).
Zhirinovsky threw juice at Nemtsov (1995).
June 19
International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict.
Nikolai Girenko murdered (2004).
World Sauntering Day.
Xerox box scandal (1996).
“Logika Progressa” publishes the Progressive Course (2021).
June 20
World Refugee Day.
Tennis Court Oath (1789).
Flight to Varennes (1791).
Demonstration of 20 June 1792 in Paris.
Jean Moulin born (1899).
Muhammad Ali sentenced to 5 years in prison for refusing military service (1967).
June 21
World Humanist Day.
Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in Mississippi (1964).
World Hydrography Day.
Joseph Rainey born (1832).
William Vickrey born (1914).
Go Skateboarding Day.
June 22
Jerry Rawlings born (1947).
Erich Maria Remarque born (1898).
Free Russian Press began its work in London (1853).
Nazi German invasion of the USSR (1941).
Germany becomes the first in Europe to introduce old-age pensions (1889).
John Fisher executed (1535).
June 23
International Olympic Day. International Olympic Committee established.
International Widows’ Day.
Martti Ahtisaari born (1937).
L’Internationale performed for the first time (1888).
Hermann Gmeiner born (1919).
Alfred Kinsey born (1894).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on “Plundering the Third World” (2023).
June 24
Victor Adler born (1852).
Khrushchev promises to show “Kuzka’s mother” (1959).
Jan Karski born (1914).
David McTaggart born (1932).
Siamese revolution began (1932).
Julia Gillard becomes the first female leader of the Australian Labor Party (2010).
Brezhnev declared that the Cold War was over (1973).
Nadezhda Stasova born (1822).
June 25
George Orwell born (1903).
Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practice Committee (1941).
Yakov Sergunin murdered (2004).
Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers dissolved in the USSR (1935).
Émile Acollas born (1826).
June 26
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture.
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.
June 27
Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Communist Regime in the Czech Republic.
Battleship Potemkin uprising began (1905).
Abortion banned in the USSR (1936).
Document “Two Thousand Words” published in Czechoslovakia (1968).
Emma Goldman born (1869).
Helen Keller born (1880).
June 28
Poznań Remembrance Day in Poland.
Stonewall riots begin (1699).
Jean-Jacques Rousseau born (1712).
Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao born (1921).
Claude François de Malet born (1754).
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914).
Treaty of Versailles signed (1919).
Operation to arrest and deport Romani people in Moscow (1933).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on progressive tax (2021).
June 29
Oriana Fallaci born (1929).
Giorgio Napolitano born (1925).
Abu Salim prison massacre (1996).
Ouster of the Anti-Party Group in the CPSU (1957).
Ilya Yashin born (1983).
Nikolai Sukhanov shot (1940).
June 30
International Day of Parliamentarism. Inter-Parliamentary Union founded (1889).
“Night of the Long Knives” in Nazi Germany (1934).
July 1
Protocol on the termination of the Warsaw Pact signed (1991).
First issue of the “Kolokol” newspaper (1857).
Robert Fogel born (1926).
Tanya Savicheva died (1944).
Canada became a self-governing dominion (1867).
France withdrew from NATO (1966).
Bretton Woods Conference began (1944).
July 2
Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act (1964).
Letter of four academicians against Sakharov (1983).
Hermann Hesse born (1877).
July 3
Split in the “Land and Liberty” party (1879).
July 4
Independence Day in the US. Declaration of Independence signed (1776).
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died (1826).
Maria Andreyeva born (1868).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on how to achieve economic growth (2020).
July 5
Willem Drees born (1886).
Pierre Mauroy born (1928).
Gyula Horn born (1932).
Pavel Pestel born (1793).
Luxembourg Socialist Workers’ Party created (1902).
Lieutenants’ rebellion (1922).
“Bloody Thursday” in San Francisco (1934).
James Mirrlees born (1936).
The Salvation Army founded in London (1865).
Use of child labor banned in China (1994).
July 6
Unofficial Committee formed (1801).
Thomas More executed (1535).
Left SR uprising (1918).
Bulla Laetentur Caeli signed (1439).
Jan Hus burned at the stake (1415).
Nestor Makhno died (1934).
Shoko Asahara executed (2018).
International Kissing Day.
July 7
New Zealand Labour Party founded (1916).
July 8
Landing of Matthew C. Perry’s squadron in Tokyo Bay and the collapse of the Sakoku policy (1853).
Jean Moulin died (1943).
July 9
Russell–Einstein Manifesto signed. Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs founded (1955).
Stalin advances the thesis of the aggravation of class struggle on the path to socialism (1928).
Vavilov sentenced to death (1941).
July 10
Social Democratic Party of Romania created (1993).
Lady Godiva, according to legend, rode naked through the streets of the city to lighten the tax burden on her people (1040).
Scopes Monkey Trial began (1925).
July 11
Gough Whitlam born (1916).
World Population Day.
Srebrenica Genocide Remembrance Day.
Yury Lyubimov deprived of Soviet citizenship (1984).
Pyotr Tkachev born (1844).
Richard Pipes born (1923).
Hitoshi Igarashi murdered (1991).
World Chocolate Day.
July 12
Lionel Jospin born (1937).
Battle of Prokhorovka (1943).
Henry David Thoreau born (1817).
July 13
Anker Jørgensen born (1922).
Jean-Paul Marat assassinated (1793).
13 July Uprising in Montenegro (1941).
July 14
Bastille Day. The fortress was taken in 1789.
Moscow, with the help of the Tatars, wins the Battle of Shelon (1471).
Javier Solana born (1942).
Gorbachev’s decree on the democratization and development of television in the USSR (1990).
First Congress of the Second International (1889).
July 15
John Ball executed (1381).
Natalia Estemirova murdered (2009).
Emmeline Pankhurst born (1858).
World Youth Skills Day.
Forged letters from Pascal to Newton demonstrated (1867).
Boris Kolker born (1939).
Vilfredo Pareto born (1848).
Adam Savage born (1967).
July 16
Trygve Lie born (1896).
July 17
Champ de Mars massacre (1791).
António Costa born (1961).
Álvaro Obregón assassinated (1928).
Spanish Civil War began (1936).
Execution of Nicholas II and his family (1918).
The phrase “there is no sex in the USSR” was spoken (1986).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on methods of resistance against authority (2022).
July 18
Newsboys’ strike of 1899 began in New York.
Nelson Mandela International Day. He was born on this day (1918).
Catherine II called Radishchev more dangerous than Pugachev (1790).
First publication of Mein Kampf (1925).
Communist parties banned in Costa Rica (1948).
Dubček put forward the slogan “socialism with a human face” (1968).
National Hot Dog Day.
July 19
Eugène Lanti born (1879).
Pavel Kudyukin born (1953).
Roman Olgovich executed (1270).
Paolo Borsellino assassinated (1992).
“Degenerate Art” exhibition opened by Goebbels (1937).
Truman stated that the USSR would destroy itself (1949).
July 20
Social Democratic Party of Finland founded (1899).
National Charter Association created in England (1840).
Israel’s victory in the War of Independence (1949).
20 July plot against Hitler (1944).
Lyudmila Alexeyeva born (1927).
International Chess Day.
July 21
Neil Armstrong became the first human to step on the Moon (1969).
Vladimir Efroimson died (1989).
July 22
Nicholas II dissolved the first Duma (1906).
Breivik terror attacks (2011).
World Brain Day.
International Boxing Day.
July 23
Regime of the Black Colonels overthrown in Greece (1974).
Gustav Heinemann born (1899).
Britain announced that Canada would be granted self-governing territory status (1840).
Khomeini banned broadcasting of music (1979).
July 24
Nikolay Chernyshevsky born (1828).
Dmitry Boretsky beheaded (1471).
International Self-Care Day.
Stolypin called for the struggle against enemies of society (1906).
July 25
Mussolini deposed and arrested (1943).
Pestel, Ryleyev, Muravyov-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, and Kakhovsky executed (1826).
André Chénier executed (1794).
Judith Barsi murdered (1988).
July 26
Esperanto Day.
Philipp Scheidemann born (1865).
Act of Abjuration signed (1581).
Woodrow Wilson calls on citizens to renounce lynching of Black people (1918).
Jacinda Ardern born (1980).
Aldous Huxley born (1894).
Republic of Liberia proclaimed (1847).
Uprising in Barcelona, “Tragic Week” began (1909).
Lenin publishes an article calling for the defeat of one’s own government in the war (1915).
Socialist Revolutionaries overthrow the Bolsheviks in Azerbaijan (1918).
Alfred Marshall born (1842).
July 27
Coup of 9 Thermidor (1794).
Vladimir Korolenko born (1853).
Fascist Party dissolved in Italy (1943).
Sakharov sends an open letter about Afghanistan to Brezhnev (1980).
Pavel Bobrishchev-Pushkin born (1802).
National Hamburger Day.
July 28
Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon executed (1794).
Karl Popper born (1902).
National Democratic Congress party founded in Ghana (1992).
Provisional IRA announced an end to its armed campaign (2005).
Fabre d’Églantine born (1750).
Outbreak of World War I (1914).
July 29
Dag Hammarskjöld born (1905).
Vladimir Dudintsev born (1900).
Maxim Gorky’s newspaper “Novaya Zhizn” closed by the Bolsheviks (1918).
Publication of the first part of “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy (1954).
Eyvind Johnson born (1900).
Berzin, Dybenko, Rudzutak, Pyatnitsky, Alksnis shot (1938).
July 30
World Day Against Trafficking in Persons.
International Day of Friendship.
Nikita Muravyov born (1795).
Hermann von Eichhorn assassinated (1918).
Thorstein Veblen born (1857).
Lev Shlosberg born (1963).
July 31
All-Russian Peasant Union created (1905).
Jean Jaurès assassinated (1914).
Étienne Marcel assassinated (1358).
August 1
Cantons of Schwyz, Uri, and Unterwalden concluded an “eternal alliance” that laid the foundation of the Swiss Confederacy (1291).
Pierre Bourdieu born (1930).
August 2
Shimon Peres born (1923).
James Arthur Baldwin died (1987).
Jacques-Louis David arrested (1794).
Bologna massacre (1980).
Mikhail Kozakov admitted to being a KGB agent (2002).
Rómulo Gallegos born (1884).
August 3
New Democratic Party of Canada founded (1961).
Alexander Nevzorov born (1958).
August 4
Night of August 4 in France (1789).
Barack Obama born (1961).
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero born (1960).
Raoul Wallenberg born (1912).
Copper Riot (1662).
August 5
Reagan fired striking air traffic controllers (1981).
Mass protests against the Castro regime (1994).
August 6
World Day for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Bombing of Hiroshima (1945).
Dom Mintoff born (1916).
Second Coalition Provisional Government formed (1917).
Battle of the Vozha River (1378).
Third Congress of the Second International (1893).
August 7
“Law of Spikelets” adopted (1932).
James Randi born (1928).
Jimmy Wales born (1966).
August 8
Izhevsk–Votkinsk Uprising began (1918).
Cultural Revolution began in China (1966).
International Cat Day.
Blum and Daladier arrested (1940).
Alexei Simonov born (1939).
August 9
Romano Prodi born (1939).
Coronation of False Dmitry I (1605).
Sarah McBride born (1990).
August 10
Insurrection of 10 August 1792 in France.
Galeon “Vasa” capsized and sank (1628).
August 11
Treaty of Korostyn. End of the Novgorod Republic (1471).
Presidential Joke Day in the US. Reagan joked that “Bombing begins in 5 minutes” (1984).
“Manifesto for General Information” by Yemelyan Pugachev (1774).
Shepilov’s article “Soviet Patriotism” published (1947).
August 12
Submarine “Kursk” sank (2000).
George Soros born (1930).
François Hollande born (1954).
“Night of the Murdered Poets” in the USSR (1952).
National Vinyl Record Day.
August 13
Battle of Warsaw began. “Miracle on the Vistula” (1920).
August 14
Lev Krasnopevtsev arrested (1957).
Emmanuelle Béart born (1963).
August 15
Jules Grévy born (1807).
Gennady Gudkov born (1956).
Zhdanov declared war on “servility before the West” (1946).
False Dmitry began campaign against Moscow (1604).
Viktor Tsoi died (1990).
Woodstock Festival (1969).
Grigory Sokolnikov born (1888).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on social democratic economics (2020).
August 16
Peterloo Massacre (1819).
George Meany born (1894).
August 17
Raskolnikov’s Open Letter to Stalin (1939).
Mao announced the “Great Leap Forward” policy (1958).
Rexhep Meidani born (1944).
Harry Hopkins born (1894).
First person killed attempting to cross the Berlin Wall (1961).
Sentence handed down to Pussy Riot (2012).
August 18
Gorbachev placed under arrest in Foros (1991). Start of the GKChP coup.
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote (1920).
August 19
Bill Clinton born (1946).
Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC).
Tambov Rebellion began (1920).
World Humanitarian Day.
Pankhurst advised fellow activists to study Jujutsu (1913).
First Moscow Trial began (1936).
World Photography Day.
August 20
Johan de Witt killed. Year of Disaster in the Netherlands (1672).
Warsaw Pact troops entered Czechoslovakia (1968).
H. P. Lovecraft born (1890).
Private ownership of real estate in cities abolished in Soviet Russia (1918).
Demi Lovato born (1992).
Vassily Aksyonov born (1932).
First issue of Herzen’s journal “Polar Star” published (1855).
August 21
International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism.
Komar, Krichevsky, and Usov died (1991).
Trotsky assassinated (1940).
Nat Turner’s slave rebellion began (1831).
Leaders of the Communist Party of Poland executed in the USSR (1937).
Leonid Hurwicz born (1917).
August 22
International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief.
Norwegian Labour Party founded (1887).
First Geneva Convention signed (1864).
Ray Bradbury born (1920).
“Echo of Moscow” began broadcasting (1990).
Constitution of the Year III adopted in France (1795).
August 23
European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism.
International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition.
Michel Rocard born (1930).
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact concluded (1939).
Execution of Sacco and Vanzetti (1927).
Kenneth Arrow born (1921).
Robert Solow born (1924).
Yeltsin suspended activities of the CPSU and “Pravda” newspaper (1991).
Coup in Romania (1944).
August 24
Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary (1991).
St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre (1572).
Stephen Fry born (1957).
International Strange Music Day.
August 25
Pavel Axelrod born (1850).
Genghis Khan died (1227).
Zinoviev and Kamenev shot (1936).
Louis Antoine de Saint-Just born (1767).
August 26
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted (1789).
Donoghue v Stevenson case (1928).
August 27
Lyndon B. Johnson born (1908).
Vincent Auriol born (1884).
Il-62 incident (1979).
August 28
Martin Luther King Jr. delivers “I Have a Dream” speech (1963). “March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom”
Arkady Strugatsky born (1925).
August 29
International Day against Nuclear Tests.
Anthony Crosland born (1918).
Peter I decreed the shaving of beards and wearing of European clothes (1698).
Shays’ Rebellion (1786).
World Zionist Organization created (1897).
August 30
International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances.
Trial of Bukovsky, Delaunay, and Kushev began (1967).
Anna Politkovskaya born (1958).
Assassination of Uritsky and attempt on Lenin by Fanny Kaplan (1918).
Jacques-Louis David born (1748).
August 31
New Zealand becomes the first in the world to introduce a minimum wage (1894).
Alexander Potresov born (1869).
Alexander Radishchev born (1749).
Junta seizure of power in Brazil (1969).
Richard Gere born (1949).
Theodor Lessing murdered (1933).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article debunking myths about social democrats (2020).
September 1
Outbreak of World War II (1939).
Walter Reuther born (1907).
September 2
End of World War II, capitulation of Japan (1945).
Keir Starmer born (1962).
September Massacres in France (1792).
Salma Hayek born (1966).
Johnsey Warwick killed (1998).
September 3
First Congress of the First International (1866).
Daron Acemoglu born (1967).
PASOK founded (1974).
First Constitution of France proclaimed (1791).
Jens Otto Krag becomes Prime Minister of Denmark (1962).
Vladimir Ryzhkov born (1966).
Fanny Kaplan executed by shooting (1918).
September 4
First of the Monday Demonstrations took place (1989).
Ignace Reiss shot dead (1937).
Coup of 18 Fructidor (1797).
Third Republic proclaimed in France (1870).
September 5
French National Convention establishes the Reign of Terror (1793).
Council of People’s Commissars issues a decree on the start of the Red Terror (1918).
In New York, workers held the first Labor Day parade (1882).
Aristide Briand proposed the unification of European states into one (1929).
Arthur Koestler born (1905).
Munich massacre (1972).
September 6
Jane Addams born (1860).
Johan Nygaardsvold born (1879).
José Sócrates born (1957).
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette born (1757).
Oleg Kalugin born (1934).
September 7
World Destruction of Military Toys Day.
World Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Awareness Day.
The last thylacine dies (1936).
“New Russians” mentioned for the first time in the “Kommersant” newspaper (1992).
September 8
International Day of Journalists’ Solidarity.
Rout of the Mongol forces in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380).
Social Democratic Party of Estonia founded (1990).
International Literacy Day.
Alexander Parvus born (1867).
World PT Day.
Alexander Titov born (1878).
September 9
National Liberation Committee of Italy founded (1943).
Attica Prison riot (1971).
Republican People’s Party founded in Turkey (1923).
In Russia, a decree on university autonomy and their right to elect rectors was issued (1905).
International Beauty Day.
Leo Tolstoy born (1828).
Mao Zedong died (1976).
September 10
Huey Long died (1935).
World Suicide Prevention Day.
“International Anti-Jewish Congress” takes place in Dresden (1882).
A fake “program for the conquest of the world by Jews” began to be published in the far-right newspaper “Znamya” (1903).
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (1996).
September 11
Military coup in Chile (1973). Allende shot himself.
September 11 attacks (2001).
Boris Zhitkov born (1882).
Execution of political prisoners in Oryol Prison (1941).
September 12
Battle of Marathon (490 BC). Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens.
Parties forming the Red-Green Coalition led by Stoltenberg won the elections in Norway (2005).
Stanisław Lem born (1921).
First issue of the “L’Ami du peuple” newspaper published (1789).
Anti-racist group “Anti-Fascist Action” attacked neo-Nazis heading to a Blood&Honour music concert in the Battle of Waterloo in London (1992).
September 13
Sicco Mansholt born (1908).
Discovery of Special Order 191 (1862).
Arthur Henderson born (1863).
Tupac Shakur died (1996).
Sophia Perovskaya born (1853).
September 14
First volume of “Das Kapital” published (1867).
Provisional Government declared Russia a republic (1917).
Senate of France approved a bill banning full-face veils, chadors, and niqabs (2010).
September 15
International Day of Democracy.
Joseph Lyons born (1879).
“Bulldozer Exhibition” in Moscow (1974).
Jean Sylvain Bailly born (1736).
Dmitry Karakozov hanged (1866).
September 16
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer.
Lee Kuan Yew born (1923).
September 17
“Solidarity” trade union created (1980).
US Constitution adopted (1787).
Occupy Wall Street protests begin (2011).
Chaim Herzog born (1918).
Serge Klarsfeld born (1935).
Nicolas de Condorcet born (1743).
September 18
World Water Monitoring Day.
Gorbachev said: “democracy is not permissiveness” (1986).
Jorge Sampaio born (1939).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on what democracy is (2020).
September 19
New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote (1893).
September 20
Bokassa overthrown (1979).
September 21
International Day of Peace.
Republic proclaimed in France (1792).
Yeltsin signed a decree dissolving the Supreme Soviet (1993).
H. G. Wells born (1866).
World Alzheimer’s Day.
Yuz Aleshkovsky born (1929).
Stephen King born (1947).
September 22
Ben Chifley born (1885).
“Emancipation Proclamation” issued (1862).
Algirdas Brazauskas born (1932).
Bags of explosives reported found in Ryazan — “Ryazan sugar” (1999).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on why Marxism is obsolete (2019).
September 23
International Day of Sign Languages.
Celebrate Bisexuality Day.
General Confederation of Labour created (1895).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the allies of social democrats (2020).
September 24
Eisenhower sent a thousand paratroopers to Little Rock to protect schoolchildren from racists (1957).
Alfreds Rubiks born (1935).
Human Rights Commission established in Russia (1993).
Pavel Sudoplatov died (1996).
September 25
Sandro Pertini born (1896).
US Congress proposed the Bill of Rights (1789).
September 26
World Contraception Day.
Stanislav Petrov helped prevent nuclear war (1983).
“Pravda” published the “Brezhnev Doctrine” (1968).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article “History of democracy in Russia” (2022).
September 27
Global climate strikes (2019).
World Tourism Day.
September 28
International Safe Abortion Day.
Battle of Salamis (480 BC).
Pugachev’s Rebellion began (1773).
First International founded (1864).
World Rabies Day.
Brigitte Bardot born (1934).
September 29
Wim Kok born (1938).
Stanley Kramer born (1913).
Massacres at Babi Yar (1941).
Kondraty Ryleyev born (1795).
Kyshtym disaster (1957).
Gnaeus Pompeius born (106 BC).
September 30
Vítor Alves born (1935).
Scandalous cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad published (2005).
Elie Wiesel born (1928).
October 1
Jimmy Carter born (1924).
International Day of Older Persons.
International Music Day.
International Coffee Day.
World Vegetarian Day.
October 2
International Day of Non-Violence. Mahatma Gandhi born (1869).
Sting born (1951).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on what a broad coalition is (2020).
October 3
Battle of Mogadishu (1993).
Reunification of Germany (1990).
Alexander Chayanov executed by shooting (1937).
October 4
World Animal Day.
Storming of the parliament in Russia (1993).
Mikhail Bestuzhev born (1800).
October 5
World Teachers’ Day.
Women’s March on Versailles (1789).
Chilean national plebiscite voted for Pinochet’s resignation (1988).
French Republican Calendar introduced in France (1793).
Neil deGrasse Tyson born (1958).
October 6
Oppenheimer delivers the speech “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds” (1965).
Yom Kippur War began (1973).
Kálmán Kalocsay born (1891).
October 7
Anna Politkovskaya murdered (2006).
Hungarian Socialist Party created (1989).
Battle of Lepanto (1571).
Desmond Tutu born (1931).
October 8
Great Stand on the Ugra River began (1480).
Pierre De Geyter born (1848).
Jesse Jackson born (1941).
October 9
John Lennon born (1940).
Right to strike recognized in the USSR (1989).
World Post Day.
Barack Obama awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009).
Sergey Muravyov-Apostol born (1796).
October 10
European Day against the Death Penalty.
Eisenhower apologizes to the Minister of Ghana for racism in a restaurant (1957).
Brigitte Bardot fined $1,600 for trying to prevent the sacrifice of a lamb (1997).
World Mental Health Day.
Alexander Sleptsov born (1836).
Wuchang Uprising (1911).
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty entered into force (1963).
Outer Space Treaty entered into force (1967).
Fridtjof Nansen born (1861).
October 11
Viktor Kravchenko born (1905).
Zinoviev and Kamenev oppose the armed uprising (1917).
International Day of the Girl Child.
Morant Bay rebellion (1865).
Hans Kelsen born (1881).
Saul Friedländer born (1932).
Andrei Kistyakovsky born (1936).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article criticizing geographical determinism (2020).
October 12
Assassination of Inejiro Asanuma (1960).
Demosthenes committed suicide (322 BC).
Ulysses S. Grant banned the Ku Klux Klan (1871).
2000 Ramallah lynching (2000).
Discovery of America (1492). Columbus Day.
October 13
International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Kurt Schumacher born (1895).
Bob Hunter born (1941).
Eugénie Cotton born (1881).
Mao stated that “there is no need to read many books” (1957).
Sacha Baron Cohen born (1971).
October 14
World Standards Day.
Sobibor extermination camp uprising (1943).
Democratic Party created in Italy (2007).
Hannah Arendt born (1906).
Dmitry Pisarev born (1840).
Martin Luther King Jr. awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (1964).
October 15
Arrest of Alfred Dreyfus. The “Dreyfus affair” began (1894).
Danish party “Social Democrats” founded (1871).
C. P. Snow born (1905).
John Kenneth Galbraith born (1908).
Partit Laburista founded in Malta (1920).
International Day of Rural Women.
Gorbachev awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (1990).
Movie “The Great Dictator” released (1940).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on equality (2020).
October 16
David Ben-Gurion born (1886).
Karl Kautsky born (1854).
Creation of the electoral bloc from which the “Yabloko” party was later formed (1993).
World Food Day.
Moshe Sharett born (1894).
Nikolai Kavkazsky born (1986).
Cuban Missile Crisis began (1962).
Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Streicher, and other prominent Nazis executed (1945).
Execution of Marie Antoinette (1793).
October 17
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.
Henri de Saint-Simon born (1760).
Dmitry Kholodov killed (1994).
Resignation of Yavlinsky (1990).
Yevgeny Obolensky born (1796).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on what social democracy is (2020).
October 18
Melina Mercouri born (1920).
Kurlov shooting (1905).
“German Autumn” ended (1977).
October 19
Anti-Socialist Laws adopted in Germany (1878).
Passing of the Navigation Acts (1651).
“Black Monday” (1987).
“Fahrenheit 451” published (1953).
October 20
World Statistics Day.
Tommy Douglas born (1904).
Muammar Gaddafi killed (2011).
Luzhniki disaster (1982).
October General Strike of 1905 began.
Kamala Harris born (1964).
October 21
Friedrich Adler assassinates Karl von Stürgkh (1916).
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland created (1888).
Yevtushenko publishes the poem “Stalin’s Heirs” (1962).
March on the Pentagon (1967).
Andreas Papandreou forms the first socialist government in the history of Greece (1981).
Willy Brandt elected chancellor (1969).
Aleksandr Muravyov born (1792).
October 22
International Stuttering Awareness Day.
Antoine Barnave born (1761).
October 23
Hungarian Revolution (1956).
Nikolai Turgenev born (1789).
Marcus Junius Brutus committed suicide (42 BC).
Moscow theater hostage crisis (2002).
British Army broke through the front at El Alamein (1942).
October 24
United Nations Day.
World Development Information Day.
“Black Thursday” (1929).
William Penn born (1644).
Execution of Quisling (1945).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on progressive values (2019).
October 25
Adlai Stevenson shows photos of Soviet missiles at a UN Security Council meeting (1962).
Arrest of Khodorkovsky (2003).
Robert Ley hanged himself (1945).
October 26
François Mitterrand born (1916).
Georges Jacques Danton born (1759).
Thorvald Stauning born (1873).
Park Chung Hee assassinated (1979).
Hillary Clinton born (1947).
Beginning of the Directory regime and dissolution of the National Convention (1795).
October 27
Lula da Silva born (1945).
Paul Grüninger born (1891).
March on Rome began (1922).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the state (2020).
October 28
Per Albin Hansson born (1885).
PSOE victory in the elections (1982).
Ohi Day.
Alexandre de Lameth born (1760).
International Animation Day.
Unveiling of the Statue of Liberty (1886).
Maria Spiridonova born (1884).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on class and social struggle (2022).
October 29
Louis Blanc born (1811).
Atatürk becomes President of Turkey (1923).
“Night of the Executed Poets” (1937).
Dmitry Muratov born (1961).
October 30
October Manifesto signed (1905).
John Adams born (1735).
André Chénier born (1762).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on how society works (2022).
31 октября
Nikolai Bauman killed (1905).
Mikhail Frunze died (1925).
Stalin’s body removed from the Mausoleum (1961).
Markovo Republic proclaimed (1905).
Indira Gandhi assassinated (1984).
Marcus Rashford born (1997).
November 1
European Union founded, Maastricht Treaty entered into force (1993).
Philip Noel-Baker born (1889).
ECHR established as a permanent institution (1998).
World Vegan Day.
Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman (1950).
November 2
International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists.
Rudolf Breitscheid born (1874).
Georges Gurvitch born (1894).
Ben-Gurion returned to political life and formed a coalition government in 1955.
November 3
Social Democratic Party of Croatia founded (1990).
Suppression of the Kiel mutiny (1918).
Olympe de Gouges executed (1793).
Valdas Adamkus born (1926).
Lyndon B. Johnson wins the election (1964).
Bill Clinton wins the election (1992).
November 4
Yitzhak Rabin assassinated (1995).
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed (1950).
Alexanderplatz demonstration (1989).
William III of Orange born (1650).
Barack Obama wins the US presidential election (2008).
November 5
Thorbjørn Jagland born (1950).
Guy Fawkes Night. Guy Fawkes arrested (1605).
Major Dymovsky’s video appeal regarding corruption (2009).
Bernard-Henri Lévy born (1948).
Jeffrey Sachs born (1954).
November 6
International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict.
Activities of the CPSU terminated (1991).
November 7
Kara tragedy (1889).
October Coup occurred (1917).
Leon Trotsky born (1879).
Nestor Makhno born (1888).
November 8
World Urbanism Day.
Mutiny on the “Storozhevoy” (1975).
“Beer Hall Putsch” (1923).
November 9
“Kristallnacht” (1938).
Coup of 18 Brumaire (1799).
Jean Monnet born (1888).
Ivan Turgenev born (1818).
Carl Sagan born (1934).
Vasily Blyukher died (1938).
November 10
Party of European Socialists founded (1992).
Acquittal in the Beilis trial (1913).
World Youth Day.
“Logika Progressa” publishes a curriculum for studying the journal’s articles (2022).
November 11
Nat Turner executed (1831).
Great Stand on the Ugra River ended (1480).
November 12
Washington Naval Conference opened (1921).
International Military Tribunal for the Far East concludes (1948).
Old Buyan Republic proclaimed (1905).
Yevgeniya Chirikova born (1976).
November 13
Mikhail Petrashevsky born (1821).
Mustafa Dzhemilev born (1943).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the privileges of the Soviet nomenklatura (2019).
November 14
Roy and Zhores Medvedev born (1925).
William III of Orange born (1650).
Jawaharlal Nehru born (1889).
Lech Wałęsa released (1982).
November 15
Aneurin Bevan born (1897).
Aleksander Kwaśniewski born (1954).
Godesberg Program adopted (1959).
Emperor deposed in Brazil and the country proclaimed a republic (1889).
November 16
International Day for Tolerance.
Julius Leber born (1891).
Anna Kéthly born (1889).
UNESCO founded (1945).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the planned economy (2019).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the free market (2019).
November 17
International Students’ Day.
Athens Polytechnic uprising suppressed (1973).
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (1989).
World Prematurity Day.
November 18
Abortion legalized in Soviet Russia for the first time in the world (1920).
Rebellion in Iranian Azerbaijan, start of the Iran crisis (1945).
George Gallup born (1901).
Wilhelm Hauff died (1827).
November 19
International Men’s Day.
Social Democrats win the federal election in West Germany (1972).
Joe Hill executed by firing squad (1915).
Peter Drucker born (1909).
Ted Turner born (1938).
November 20
Nuremberg trials began (1945).
Galina Starovoitova murdered (1998).
World Children’s Day.
Transgender Day of Remembrance.
Africa Industrialization Day.
Battle of Yuzeeva ended (1773).
Mexican Revolution began (1910).
November 21
Euromaidan began (2013).
Alexander Ginzburg-Galich born (1918).
“Harmony” Social Democratic Party founded (2009).
World Television Day.
Robert Mugabe ousted from power (2017).
Dmitry Terrible Eyes kills the Prince of Moscow (1325).
Dayton Agreement initialed (1995).
November 22
John F. Kennedy assassinated (1963).
Mikhail of Tver murdered in the Golden Horde (1318).
Orange Revolution began (2004).
Abigail Adams born (1744).
Edward Bernays born (1891).
Victor Pelevin born (1962).
November 23
Hjalmar Branting born (1860).
Alexander Litvinenko died (2006).
Rose Revolution, resignation of Shevardnadze (2004).
Private business permitted in China (1981).
Nikolai Nosov born (1908).
November 24
Julius Martov born (1873).
Sevastopol uprising began (1905).
Darwin publishes “On the Origin of Species” (1859).
UN General Assembly Declaration on the Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear and Thermo-Nuclear Weapons adopted (1961).
November 25
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly begin (1917).
Sinking of the “White Ship” (1120).
Stephen F. Cohen born (1938).
November 26
Bill Wilson born (1895).
Len Karpinsky born (1929).
Old Buyan Republic suppressed (1905).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the scientific method (2020).
November 27
Alexander Dubček born (1921).
CARE International organization created (1945).
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (“Joint”) created (1914).
November 28
Friedrich Engels born (1820).
Stefan Zweig born (1881).
Red Army attacks Estonia, beginning the War of Independence (1918).
November 29
Ban on the construction of minarets in Switzerland (2009).
Louisa May Alcott born (1832).
Antoine Barnave executed (1793).
November 30
Computer Security Day.
Mark Twain born (1835).
Anastasia Baburova born (1983).
USSR aggression against Finland (1939).
December 1
World AIDS Day.
Charles Boycott leaves Ireland (1880).
Khrushchev visits the avant-garde art exhibition (1962).
Sergei Kirov assassinated (1934).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on standard of living indicators (2021).
December 2
International Day for the Abolition of Slavery.
Alexander Yakovlev born (1923).
John Brown executed (1859).
Grand Remonstrance passed (1641).
Irakli Tsereteli born (1881).
Fall of the Second Republic and establishment of the Second Empire in France (1851).
US Environmental Protection Agency begins operations (1970).
Gary Becker born (1930).
December 3
International Day of Persons with Disabilities.
Sergey Nechayev died (1882).
December 4
Alexander Litvinenko born (1962).
Henri Grégoire born (1750).
Thomas Carlyle born (1795).
December 5
International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development.
Glasnost Rally (1965).
Ekaterina Kuskova born (1869).
Counter-offensive near Moscow began (1941).
Pope issues a bull initiating the witch hunts (1484).
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour demolished (1931).
Repeal of Prohibition in the US (1933).
Alexander Rodchenko born (1891).
December 6
Gunnar Myrdal born (1898).
“Blood in the Water” match at the 1956 Olympics.
École Polytechnique massacre (1989).
Nikolai Ogarev born (1813).
Pride’s Purge (1648).
December 7
Viktor Chernov born (1873).
Kniefall von Warschau by Willy Brandt (1970).
Mário Soares born (1924).
Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca born (1958).
Akiko Yosano born (1878).
International Civil Aviation Day.
December 8
Death of Anatoly Marchenko (1986).
Flag of Europe adopted (1955).
Belavezha Accords (1991).
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987).
John Lennon murdered (1980).
Referendum in Greece votes for a republic (1974).
December 9
International Anti-Corruption Day.
International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime. Genocide Convention adopted (1948).
Bob Hawke born (1929).
Nikolai Sukhanov born (1882).
UN peacekeeping operation in Somalia began (1992).
John Milton born (1608).
December 10
Human Rights Day.
International Animal Rights Day.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted (1948).
Nikolai Nekrasov born (1821).
Nikolai Ivanov born (1952).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the harms of homophobia (2022).
December 11
Georgi Plekhanov born (1856).
James II fled London, but was caught by a fisherman (1688).
UNICEF established (1946).
International Mountain Day.
December 12
International Universal Health Coverage Day.
Paris Agreement on climate change adopted (2015).
International Day of Neutrality.
December 13
Capture of Saddam Hussein (2003).
Taylor Swift born (1989).
December 14
Andrei Sakharov died (1989).
Sidónio Pais assassinated (1918).
Convention against Discrimination in Education adopted (1960).
First “Dissenters’ March” held in Russia (2006).
December 15
Zamenhof Day. L. L. Zamenhof born (1859).
Bill of Rights takes effect (1791).
Homosexuality removed from the list of mental disorders (1973).
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted (1989).
Greek operation of the NKVD begins (1937).
Tamara Eidelman born (1959).
December 16
Pacification of Wujek (1981).
Beginning of the Romanian Revolution (1989).
“Boston Tea Party” (1773).
UN General Assembly Resolution 4686 adopted (1991).
Zhanaozen massacre begins (2011).
Léon Walras born (1834).
December 17
Robert A. Dahl born (1915).
International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers.
Shimabara Rebellion began (1637).
Self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi (2010).
December 18
International Migrants Day.
Willy Brandt born (1913).
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishing slavery entered into force (1865).
December 19
Crackdown on protest in Minsk (2010).
Sergei Volkonsky born (1788).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on the inadmissibility of the death penalty (2019).
December 20
International Human Solidarity Day.
Sidney Hook born (1902).
Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco (1973).
Telman Gdlyan born (1940).
December 21
Kalevi Sorsa born (1930).
Beginning of the cult of personality of Stalin (1929).
False Dmitry II killed (1610).
December 22
Beginning of the Dreyfus affair (1894).
Georges Couthon born (1755).
December 23
Helmut Schmidt born (1918).
Sergey Aleksashenko born (1959).
Alexander I born (1777).
Beria, Merkulov, Dekanozov, Kobulov, and other members of “Beria’s gang” executed by firing squad (1953).
Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky died (1895).
December 24
Tarja Halonen born (1943).
Leonid Filatov born (1946).
First issue of the “Iskra” newspaper published (1900).
Florencia Abbate born (1976).
December 25
Execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu (1989).
Resignation of Gorbachev (1991).
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979).
December 26
USSR ceases to exist (1991).
Decembrist revolt (1825).
Decree on the Likbez (1919).
Anatoly Lunacharsky died (1933).
“Logika Progressa” publishes an article on why communism should be abandoned in favor of social democracy (2021).
December 27
World Bank and IMF founded (1945).
December 28
International Cinema Day.
Day of Remembrance of Victims of Deportation of the Kalmyk People.
Stephan Born born (1824).
Woodrow Wilson born (1856).
First and only space strike to date — Skylab 4 strike (1973).
Liu Xiaobo born (1955).
Formation of the Sochi Republic (1905).
December 29
Convention on Biological Diversity entered into force (1993).
December 30
Tereza Prekerová born (1921).
Execution of Saddam Hussein (2006).
Rudyard Kipling born (1865).
Assassination of Rasputin (1916).
December 31
Simon Wiesenthal born (1908).
George Marshall born (1880).
Battle of Grozny (1994).
Resignation of Yeltsin (1999).
Maximin-Joseph Emmanuel Guidal born (1764).
